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312 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
312 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# jsonwebtoken
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[](http://travis-ci.org/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken)[](https://david-dm.org/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken)
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An implementation of [JSON Web Tokens](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519).
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This was developed against `draft-ietf-oauth-json-web-token-08`. It makes use of [node-jws](https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws)
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# Install
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```bash
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$ npm install jsonwebtoken
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```
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# Migration notes
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* [From v7 to v8](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/wiki/Migration-Notes:-v7-to-v8)
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# Usage
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### jwt.sign(payload, secretOrPrivateKey, [options, callback])
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(Asynchronous) If a callback is supplied, the callback is called with the `err` or the JWT.
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(Synchronous) Returns the JsonWebToken as string
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`payload` could be an object literal, buffer or string. *Please note that* `exp` is only set if the payload is an object literal.
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`secretOrPrivateKey` is a string, buffer, or object containing either the secret for HMAC algorithms or the PEM
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encoded private key for RSA and ECDSA. In case of a private key with passphrase an object `{ key, passphrase }` can be used (based on [crypto documentation](https://nodejs.org/api/crypto.html#crypto_sign_sign_private_key_output_format)), in this case be sure you pass the `algorithm` option.
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`options`:
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* `algorithm` (default: `HS256`)
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* `expiresIn`: expressed in seconds or a string describing a time span [zeit/ms](https://github.com/zeit/ms). Eg: `60`, `"2 days"`, `"10h"`, `"7d"`
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* `notBefore`: expressed in seconds or a string describing a time span [zeit/ms](https://github.com/zeit/ms). Eg: `60`, `"2 days"`, `"10h"`, `"7d"`
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* `audience`
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* `issuer`
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* `jwtid`
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* `subject`
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* `noTimestamp`
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* `header`
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* `keyid`
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If `payload` is not a buffer or a string, it will be coerced into a string using `JSON.stringify`.
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There are no default values for `expiresIn`, `notBefore`, `audience`, `subject`, `issuer`. These claims can also be provided in the payload directly with `exp`, `nbf`, `aud`, `sub` and `iss` respectively, but you can't include in both places.
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Remember that `exp`, `nbf` and `iat` are **NumericDate**, see related [Token Expiration (exp claim)](#token-expiration-exp-claim)
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The header can be customized via the `options.header` object.
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Generated jwts will include an `iat` (issued at) claim by default unless `noTimestamp` is specified. If `iat` is inserted in the payload, it will be used instead of the real timestamp for calculating other things like `exp` given a timespan in `options.expiresIn`.
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Example
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```js
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// sign with default (HMAC SHA256)
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var jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
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var token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, 'shhhhh');
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//backdate a jwt 30 seconds
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var older_token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar', iat: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - 30 }, 'shhhhh');
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// sign with RSA SHA256
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var cert = fs.readFileSync('private.key'); // get private key
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var token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, cert, { algorithm: 'RS256'});
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// sign asynchronously
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jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, cert, { algorithm: 'RS256' }, function(err, token) {
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console.log(token);
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});
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```
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#### Token Expiration (exp claim)
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The standard for JWT defines an `exp` claim for expiration. The expiration is represented as a **NumericDate**:
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> A JSON numeric value representing the number of seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z UTC until the specified UTC date/time, ignoring leap seconds. This is equivalent to the IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition [POSIX.1] definition "Seconds Since the Epoch", in which each day is accounted for by exactly 86400 seconds, other than that non-integer values can be represented. See RFC 3339 [RFC3339] for details regarding date/times in general and UTC in particular.
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This means that the `exp` field should contain the number of seconds since the epoch.
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Signing a token with 1 hour of expiration:
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```javascript
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jwt.sign({
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exp: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + (60 * 60),
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data: 'foobar'
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}, 'secret');
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```
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Another way to generate a token like this with this library is:
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```javascript
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jwt.sign({
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data: 'foobar'
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}, 'secret', { expiresIn: 60 * 60 });
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//or even better:
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jwt.sign({
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data: 'foobar'
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}, 'secret', { expiresIn: '1h' });
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```
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### jwt.verify(token, secretOrPublicKey, [options, callback])
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(Asynchronous) If a callback is supplied, function acts asynchronously. The callback is called with the decoded payload if the signature is valid and optional expiration, audience, or issuer are valid. If not, it will be called with the error.
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(Synchronous) If a callback is not supplied, function acts synchronously. Returns the payload decoded if the signature is valid and optional expiration, audience, or issuer are valid. If not, it will throw the error.
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`token` is the JsonWebToken string
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`secretOrPublicKey` is a string or buffer containing either the secret for HMAC algorithms, or the PEM
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encoded public key for RSA and ECDSA.
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As mentioned in [this comment](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/208#issuecomment-231861138), there are other libraries that expect base64 encoded secrets (random bytes encoded using base64), if that is your case you can pass `Buffer.from(secret, 'base64')`, by doing this the secret will be decoded using base64 and the token verification will use the original random bytes.
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`options`
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* `algorithms`: List of strings with the names of the allowed algorithms. For instance, `["HS256", "HS384"]`.
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* `audience`: if you want to check audience (`aud`), provide a value here. The audience can be checked against a string, a regular expression or a list of strings and/or regular expressions. Eg: `"urn:foo"`, `/urn:f[o]{2}/`, `[/urn:f[o]{2}/, "urn:bar"]`
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* `issuer` (optional): string or array of strings of valid values for the `iss` field.
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* `ignoreExpiration`: if `true` do not validate the expiration of the token.
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* `ignoreNotBefore`...
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* `subject`: if you want to check subject (`sub`), provide a value here
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* `clockTolerance`: number of seconds to tolerate when checking the `nbf` and `exp` claims, to deal with small clock differences among different servers
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* `maxAge`: the maximum allowed age for tokens to still be valid. It is expressed in seconds or a string describing a time span [zeit/ms](https://github.com/zeit/ms). Eg: `1000`, `"2 days"`, `"10h"`, `"7d"`.
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* `clockTimestamp`: the time in seconds that should be used as the current time for all necessary comparisons.
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```js
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// verify a token symmetric - synchronous
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var decoded = jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh');
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console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
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// verify a token symmetric
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jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
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console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
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});
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// invalid token - synchronous
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try {
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var decoded = jwt.verify(token, 'wrong-secret');
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} catch(err) {
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// err
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}
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// invalid token
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jwt.verify(token, 'wrong-secret', function(err, decoded) {
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// err
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// decoded undefined
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});
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// verify a token asymmetric
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var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem'); // get public key
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jwt.verify(token, cert, function(err, decoded) {
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console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
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});
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// verify audience
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var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem'); // get public key
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jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo' }, function(err, decoded) {
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// if audience mismatch, err == invalid audience
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});
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// verify issuer
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var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem'); // get public key
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jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer' }, function(err, decoded) {
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// if issuer mismatch, err == invalid issuer
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});
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// verify jwt id
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var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem'); // get public key
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jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer', jwtid: 'jwtid' }, function(err, decoded) {
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// if jwt id mismatch, err == invalid jwt id
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});
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// verify subject
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var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem'); // get public key
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jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer', jwtid: 'jwtid', subject: 'subject' }, function(err, decoded) {
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// if subject mismatch, err == invalid subject
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});
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// alg mismatch
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var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem'); // get public key
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jwt.verify(token, cert, { algorithms: ['RS256'] }, function (err, payload) {
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// if token alg != RS256, err == invalid signature
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});
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```
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### jwt.decode(token [, options])
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(Synchronous) Returns the decoded payload without verifying if the signature is valid.
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__Warning:__ This will __not__ verify whether the signature is valid. You should __not__ use this for untrusted messages. You most likely want to use `jwt.verify` instead.
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`token` is the JsonWebToken string
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`options`:
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* `json`: force JSON.parse on the payload even if the header doesn't contain `"typ":"JWT"`.
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* `complete`: return an object with the decoded payload and header.
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Example
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```js
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// get the decoded payload ignoring signature, no secretOrPrivateKey needed
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var decoded = jwt.decode(token);
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// get the decoded payload and header
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var decoded = jwt.decode(token, {complete: true});
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console.log(decoded.header);
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console.log(decoded.payload)
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```
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## Errors & Codes
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Possible thrown errors during verification.
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Error is the first argument of the verification callback.
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### TokenExpiredError
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Thrown error if the token is expired.
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Error object:
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* name: 'TokenExpiredError'
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* message: 'jwt expired'
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* expiredAt: [ExpDate]
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```js
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jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
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if (err) {
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/*
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err = {
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name: 'TokenExpiredError',
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message: 'jwt expired',
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expiredAt: 1408621000
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}
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*/
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}
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});
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```
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### JsonWebTokenError
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Error object:
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* name: 'JsonWebTokenError'
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* message:
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* 'jwt malformed'
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* 'jwt signature is required'
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* 'invalid signature'
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* 'jwt audience invalid. expected: [OPTIONS AUDIENCE]'
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* 'jwt issuer invalid. expected: [OPTIONS ISSUER]'
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* 'jwt id invalid. expected: [OPTIONS JWT ID]'
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* 'jwt subject invalid. expected: [OPTIONS SUBJECT]'
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```js
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jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
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if (err) {
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/*
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err = {
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name: 'JsonWebTokenError',
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message: 'jwt malformed'
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}
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*/
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}
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});
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```
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## Algorithms supported
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Array of supported algorithms. The following algorithms are currently supported.
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alg Parameter Value | Digital Signature or MAC Algorithm
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----------------|----------------------------
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HS256 | HMAC using SHA-256 hash algorithm
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HS384 | HMAC using SHA-384 hash algorithm
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HS512 | HMAC using SHA-512 hash algorithm
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RS256 | RSASSA using SHA-256 hash algorithm
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RS384 | RSASSA using SHA-384 hash algorithm
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RS512 | RSASSA using SHA-512 hash algorithm
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ES256 | ECDSA using P-256 curve and SHA-256 hash algorithm
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ES384 | ECDSA using P-384 curve and SHA-384 hash algorithm
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ES512 | ECDSA using P-521 curve and SHA-512 hash algorithm
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none | No digital signature or MAC value included
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## Refreshing JWTs
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First of all, we recommend to think carefully if auto-refreshing a JWT will not introduce any vulnerability in your system.
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We are not comfortable including this as part of the library, however, you can take a look to [this example](https://gist.github.com/ziluvatar/a3feb505c4c0ec37059054537b38fc48) to show how this could be accomplish.
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Apart from that example there are [an issue](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/issues/122) and [a pull request](https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/pull/172) to get more knowledge about this topic.
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# TODO
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* X.509 certificate chain is not checked
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## Issue Reporting
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If you have found a bug or if you have a feature request, please report them at this repository issues section. Please do not report security vulnerabilities on the public GitHub issue tracker. The [Responsible Disclosure Program](https://auth0.com/whitehat) details the procedure for disclosing security issues.
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## Author
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[Auth0](https://auth0.com)
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## License
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This project is licensed under the MIT license. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for more info.
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