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150 lines
8.9 KiB
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<!doctype html>
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<title>npm-coding-style</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../static/style.css">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.npmjs.org/doc/misc/npm-coding-style.html">
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<script async=true src="../../static/toc.js"></script>
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<h1><a href="../misc/npm-coding-style.html">npm-coding-style</a></h1> <p>npm's "funny" coding style</p>
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<h2 id="description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p>npm's coding style is a bit unconventional. It is not different for
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difference's sake, but rather a carefully crafted style that is
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designed to reduce visual clutter and make bugs more apparent.</p>
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<p>If you want to contribute to npm (which is very encouraged), you should
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make your code conform to npm's style.</p>
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<p>Note: this concerns npm's code not the specific packages that you can download from the npm registry.</p>
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<h2 id="line-length">Line Length</h2>
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<p>Keep lines shorter than 80 characters. It's better for lines to be
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too short than to be too long. Break up long lists, objects, and other
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statements onto multiple lines.</p>
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<h2 id="indentation">Indentation</h2>
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<p>Two-spaces. Tabs are better, but they look like hell in web browsers
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(and on GitHub), and node uses 2 spaces, so that's that.</p>
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<p>Configure your editor appropriately.</p>
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<h2 id="curly-braces">Curly braces</h2>
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<p>Curly braces belong on the same line as the thing that necessitates them.</p>
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<p>Bad:</p>
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<pre><code>function ()
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{</code></pre><p>Good:</p>
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<pre><code>function () {</code></pre><p>If a block needs to wrap to the next line, use a curly brace. Don't
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use it if it doesn't.</p>
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<p>Bad:</p>
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<pre><code>if (foo) { bar() }
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while (foo)
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bar()</code></pre><p>Good:</p>
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<pre><code>if (foo) bar()
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while (foo) {
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bar()
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}</code></pre><h2 id="semicolons">Semicolons</h2>
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<p>Don't use them except in four situations:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>for (;;)</code> loops. They're actually required.</li>
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<li>null loops like: <code>while (something) ;</code> (But you'd better have a good
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reason for doing that.)</li>
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<li><code>case 'foo': doSomething(); break</code></li>
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<li>In front of a leading <code>(</code> or <code>[</code> at the start of the line.
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This prevents the expression from being interpreted
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as a function call or property access, respectively.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Some examples of good semicolon usage:</p>
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<pre><code>;(x || y).doSomething()
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;[a, b, c].forEach(doSomething)
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for (var i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
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switch (state) {
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case 'begin': start(); continue
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case 'end': finish(); break
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default: throw new Error('unknown state')
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}
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end()
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}</code></pre><p>Note that starting lines with <code>-</code> and <code>+</code> also should be prefixed
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with a semicolon, but this is much less common.</p>
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<h2 id="comma-first">Comma First</h2>
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<p>If there is a list of things separated by commas, and it wraps
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across multiple lines, put the comma at the start of the next
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line, directly below the token that starts the list. Put the
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final token in the list on a line by itself. For example:</p>
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<pre><code>var magicWords = [ 'abracadabra'
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, 'gesundheit'
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, 'ventrilo'
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]
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, spells = { 'fireball' : function () { setOnFire() }
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, 'water' : function () { putOut() }
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}
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, a = 1
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, b = 'abc'
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, etc
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, somethingElse</code></pre><h2 id="quotes">Quotes</h2>
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<p>Use single quotes for strings except to avoid escaping.</p>
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<p>Bad:</p>
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<pre><code>var notOk = "Just double quotes"</code></pre><p>Good:</p>
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<pre><code>var ok = 'String contains "double" quotes'
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var alsoOk = "String contains 'single' quotes or apostrophe"</code></pre><h2 id="whitespace">Whitespace</h2>
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<p>Put a single space in front of <code>(</code> for anything other than a function call.
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Also use a single space wherever it makes things more readable.</p>
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<p>Don't leave trailing whitespace at the end of lines. Don't indent empty
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lines. Don't use more spaces than are helpful.</p>
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<h2 id="functions">Functions</h2>
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<p>Use named functions. They make stack traces a lot easier to read.</p>
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<h2 id="callbacks-sync-async-style">Callbacks, Sync/async Style</h2>
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<p>Use the asynchronous/non-blocking versions of things as much as possible.
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It might make more sense for npm to use the synchronous fs APIs, but this
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way, the fs and http and child process stuff all uses the same callback-passing
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methodology.</p>
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<p>The callback should always be the last argument in the list. Its first
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argument is the Error or null.</p>
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<p>Be very careful never to ever ever throw anything. It's worse than useless.
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Just send the error message back as the first argument to the callback.</p>
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<h2 id="errors">Errors</h2>
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<p>Always create a new Error object with your message. Don't just return a
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string message to the callback. Stack traces are handy.</p>
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<h2 id="logging">Logging</h2>
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<p>Logging is done using the <a href="https://github.com/npm/npmlog">npmlog</a>
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utility.</p>
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<p>Please clean up logs when they are no longer helpful. In particular,
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logging the same object over and over again is not helpful. Logs should
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report what's happening so that it's easier to track down where a fault
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occurs.</p>
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<p>Use appropriate log levels. See <code><a href="../misc/npm-config.html">npm-config(7)</a></code> and search for
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"loglevel".</p>
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<h2 id="case-naming-etc-">Case, naming, etc.</h2>
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<p>Use <code>lowerCamelCase</code> for multiword identifiers when they refer to objects,
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functions, methods, properties, or anything not specified in this section.</p>
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<p>Use <code>UpperCamelCase</code> for class names (things that you'd pass to "new").</p>
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<p>Use <code>all-lower-hyphen-css-case</code> for multiword filenames and config keys.</p>
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<p>Use named functions. They make stack traces easier to follow.</p>
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<p>Use <code>CAPS_SNAKE_CASE</code> for constants, things that should never change
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and are rarely used.</p>
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<p>Use a single uppercase letter for function names where the function
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would normally be anonymous, but needs to call itself recursively. It
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makes it clear that it's a "throwaway" function.</p>
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<h2 id="null-undefined-false-0">null, undefined, false, 0</h2>
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<p>Boolean variables and functions should always be either <code>true</code> or
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<code>false</code>. Don't set it to 0 unless it's supposed to be a number.</p>
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<p>When something is intentionally missing or removed, set it to <code>null</code>.</p>
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<p>Don't set things to <code>undefined</code>. Reserve that value to mean "not yet
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set to anything."</p>
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<p>Boolean objects are forbidden.</p>
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<h2 id="see-also">SEE ALSO</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../misc/npm-developers.html">npm-developers(7)</a></li>
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<li><a href="../cli/npm.html">npm(1)</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 id=npmlogo>
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<tr><td style="width:180px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=18> </td></tr>
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<tr><td rowspan=4 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=4> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=4> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=4> </td><td rowspan=4 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td><td colspan=6 style="width:60px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=4> </td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan=2 style="width:20px;height:30px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:20px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=4 colspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:20px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:20px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3 colspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=2> </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="width:60px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=6> </td><td colspan=10 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan=5 style="width:50px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=4> </td><td style="width:90px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=9> </td></tr>
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</table>
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<p id="footer">npm-coding-style — npm@6.5.0</p>
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